Evaluation of Material Selection on the Initial Embodied Energy Value of Low-Middle Apartment in Indonesia

Abstract

Construction of low-middle class apartment in Indonesia's big cities is increasing steadily as the government set The One Million Houses Program to overcome the problem of housing backlog. As the construction project increasing, the use of construction materials is also raising. These phenomena raise concern on the energy consumption and carbon emission in Indonesia as buildings are the biggest materials consumers and responsible for up to 40% energy consumption and 33% carbon emission in the world. Moreover, in Indonesia, buildings consume 1/3 of national resources in their construction process. Certainly, this housing program can be considered to have a large contribution to energy consumption and carbon emissions in Indonesia. Therefore, the material selection in low-middle apartments is very important to consider as a factor that can contribute to energy consumption. In order to prevent the increase of energy consumption in the construction of low-middle apartments, prevention efforts in the initial phase of construction can be carried out such as the selection of materials that have low embodied energy. This study aims to evaluate the value of initial embodied energy based on factors in the material selection that can affect embodied energy using the AI-O and WUPA approaches, which are materials and workers. This study uses quantitative methods to obtain embodied energy values on these factors. The method used is AI-O method. There are four case studies that obtained from low-middle class apartments in one of urban cities in Indonesia, which is Bandung.