Evaluation of cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of origanum dayi, salvia palaestina and bongardia chrysogonum plants growing wild in Jordan

Abstract

Ethnobotanical plants have been reported as promising antioxidant and anticancer agents. This study aims to investigate the potential antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Origanum dayi (O. dayi), Salvia palaestina (S. palaestina) and Bongardia chrysogonum (B. chrysogonum). The cytotoxicity of these plants against T47D cell line were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetra zolium bromide (MTT) assay. The most potent plant (O. dayi) was selected and its apoptotic effect evaluated on T47D cell lines using flow cytometry. Also, the antioxidant effect of these plants was investigated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the plants. O. dayi and S. palaestina exhibited cytotoxic activity against T47D cell line with IC50 of 250 ± 4.1 and 400 ± 5.2 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, O. dayi had the ability to induce apoptosis at low concentration and necrosis at high concentration against T47D cell line. Moreover, the free radical scavenging activity was significantly higher than ascorbic acid in only B. chrysogonum. S. palaestina and O. dayi exhibited inhibitory effects against all tested bacteria strain. This study confirms that the ethanol extracts of these plants possess antioxidant, and only O. dayi, S. palaestina have antibacterial as well as cytotoxic activity against T47D cell line at high concentration.