Kebahagiaan dalam Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill

Abstract

This writing explores John Stuart Mill's view on happiness as the foundation of morality and the basic principle of moral actions within the framework of utilitarianism. Mill posits that general happiness, individual freedom, and the quality of happiness are key elements in his concept of happiness. However, this writing also critiques Mill's perspective by highlighting some dilemmas, such as the potential for hedonism in the quality of happiness, the need to deeply consider each action, and the applicability of this concept in a society with low moral consciousness. Additionally, through this writing, the author contrasts Mill's views with John Rawls' views on justice as fairness. Therefore, the author attempts to demonstrate their criticism of utilitarianism in achieving a concept of fair justice because of its focus on individual happiness rather than general happiness. Despite criticisms of utilitarianism and hedonism for lacking absolute moral commands, Mill establishes three major principles as guidelines for action, emphasizing the importance of individual freedom and justice in creating general happiness. This writing provides profound insights into the philosophical debate on morality, happiness, and justice, as well as their relevance to contemporary ethical dilemmas.