A MIXED-METHOD APPROACH TO DEVELOP A FOOD SECURITY FRAMEWORK FOR STUDENTS AT A SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY

Abstract

Food insecurity affects the general student population worldwide. The prevalence amongst the student population is higher than what is reported for the general population. Food insecurity predisposes the affected students to a double burden of malnutrition, resulting in a weakened immune system, which may compromise physical well-being and mental health. Amongst the student population, these consequences affect concentration and performance at university. Thus, this study sought to determine the existence and extent of food insecurity amongst undergraduate students at a University in Mpumalanga. The study also aimed to gain insight into the impact of food insecurity through the perspectives and experiences of students. Due to its ability to provide a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon, the study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods research approach, comprising an online survey and focus group discussions. The objective of this study was to determine the food security status of students and propose a framework for addressing their food security needs. Using two food security measures, the 6-item (USDA) food security measure indicates that most students (81%) were food insecure. The Australian 1-item food security measure also reveals that 71% of students were food insecure. Findings of the study also show that institutional factors such as failure to adhere to stakeholder and institutional policies, lack of food security programs, inadequate storage facilities at students’ residences, students’ background, such as limited financial support, including the absence of supplementary financial support from home are some of the factors that influenced students' access to food. These challenges compromised students’ emotional and physical well-being. Food insecurity negatively affects students' university experience, and when combined with malnutrition, it impedes students' persistence and academic success. This contradicts the South African government's objective of empowering impoverished students through a widened access to university. As outlined in the proposed food security framework, proper supplementary initiatives should be implemented to ensure food security amongst university students.