Factors Associated with Successful Smoking Cessation Among Adults in Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Purpose: Smoking is a major preventable cause of illness and death. Quitting smoking can reduce related health complications. Numerous factors, including age, socioeconomic status, smoking habits, and availability of support, influence smoking cessation success. Despite anti-smoking measures and smoking cessation clinics in Saudi Arabia, smoking-related deaths are increasing. This study aimed to identify factors influencing successful smoking cessation among Saudi adults and examine the relationship between cessation methods and success rates. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey targeting Saudi adults who had attempted to quit smoking of all types, whether traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, shisha, or others. Success was defined as quitting for at least six months. The data collected included sociodemographic details, smoking history, and experiences with cessation. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with successful cessation. Results: Of 364 participants, 18.4% were successful quitters, with a mean age of 34.94. Occupation was a key predictor; freelance workers had significantly higher odds of unsuccessful quitting (OR = 12.96, 95% CI: 2.08–80.79, p = 0.006). Those who continued smoking despite illness were less likely to quit successfully (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.16–4.68, p = 0.018). Early initiation of smoking also negatively impacted cessation success (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.17, p = 0.006). Successful quitters reported fewer adverse symptoms during their attempts (p = 0.018) and employed behavioral strategies, such as disposing of tobacco products (p < 0.001), avoiding smoking triggers (p = 0.002), and engaging in exercise (p < 0.001). Confidence in quitting significantly contributed to success (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the role of individual, social, and environmental factors in smoking cessation. Tailored interventions that address socioeconomic, psychological, and lifestyle factors are crucial for enhancing cessation success among Saudi adults.