Notes from the Field: Measles Outbreak at a United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement Facility ― Arizona, May–June 2016

Abstract

On May 25, 2016, a detainee at a U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention center in Arizona who had been hospitalized with fever and a generalized maculopapu-lar rash was confirmed to have measles by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR). A second case of measles in a staff member was confirmed by rPCR the next day. The privately operated, city-contracted facility housed 1,425 detainees, and employed 510 staff members, including 95 federal ICE staff and 415 contract staff of four distinct employers. Outbreak control measures consisted of administration of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to 1,424 detainees housed at the facility during May 29-31 and isolation of the detainee patient and any additional detainee patients identified during their remaining infectious period (until 4 days after rash onset). Recommendations were made by federal, state, and local public health partners to exclude staff members with measles-compatible symptoms as well as exposed staff members without presumptive evidence of immunity to measles.* Epidemiologic investigations by local and state health departments and CDC identified 31 total cases of measles in 22 detainees and nine staff members, with rash onsets occurring May 6-June 26 (Figure). Initial reports of rash illness among a few detainees were attributed to varicella (chickenpox) based on clinical presentation; some detainees also reported that they did not initially seek medical attention when they became ill, likely leading to the delay in diagnosing the first few cases of measles. The median detainee patient age was 34 years (range = 19-52 years), and the median staff patient age was 41 years (range = 22-49 years). Seven of the nine ill staff members reported receipt of at least 1 dose of MMR vaccine in the past, but no vaccination records were available at the time the outbreak was recognized. Three of the nine ill staff members received 1 dose of MMR vaccine 7-13 days before becoming ill, suggesting that exposure might have occurred before sufficient immunity developed from vaccination, because the incubation period for measles ranges from 7-21 days. † On June 17 and June 21, MMR staff member vaccination clinics were conducted on-site. Two additional clinics were conducted on July 15 and July 19. Staff members were encouraged to obtain their immunization records and to bring them to the facility to be recorded. Federal personnel policies and contractual agreements that do not require staff members to be vaccinated and the initial unavailability of staff member vaccination records might have contributed to low participation in the first two staff member vaccination clinics; only 120 MMR doses were administered, and 202 (40%) staff members were still considered to not have evidence of measles immunity. Reports of illness from personnel who had developed measles might have prompted other staff members to get vaccinated; by August 4, a total of 445 (87%) staff members were considered to have evidence of immunity, including 119 (23%) with documentation of receipt of 2 MMR doses before the start of the outbreak, 307 (60%) who had received 1 previous MMR dose and received a second dose during the outbreak, and 19 (4%) with serologic evidence of immunity. Although recommendations to exclude infectious staff members and nonim-mune staff members suspected to have been exposed were made as soon as the outbreak was recognized, slow compliance with FIGURE. Confirmed measles cases (N = 31) in an immigration and customs enforcement facility, by date of rash onset and staff member/detainee status-Arizona,