Human adaptation to the conditions of the far north: Emphasis on the correction of the microbial-tissue complex of the gastrointestinal tract

Abstract

Severe natural and climatic conditions, special features of work, rest, nutrition, physical activity and communication of people in the Arctic zone can seriously affect intestinal microbiota. This review summarizes the research results indicating the decrease in the number, changes in the morphological and biological properties of lacto-and bifidobacteria, activation of opportunistic and pathogenic intestinal flora of the inhabitants of the Far North. Mechanisms of a complex interplay between the human body and intestinal microbiocenosis are presentd The influence of microbiota on intestinal permeability, nerve endings of the enteral nervous system, and immuno-inflammatory processes is shown. Data on the participation of microbial molecules in the modulation of neurotransmission in the brain and spinal cord, activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system are summarized. The positive effects of pro-, prebiotics and dietary supplements in the correction of conditions associated with environmental and occupational stress are highlighted.