Autonomous shipping and its impact on regulations, technologies, and industries

Abstract

The introduction of the maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) accompanied by alternative fuels to the maritime industry is about to open a new era and lead to a new paradigm shift in terms of safety, security, and environmental protection. However, there are also some concerns on new technology which also can create new types of risks such as non-navigation risks and cybersecurity threats. This paper presents recent trends for developing autonomous vessels with the introduction of the latest projects around the globe. It also investigates the individual and combined impact of the MASS on regulations, technologies, and industries in response to the new paradigm shift in the maritime sector. Additionally, other key issues including safety, security, jobs and training, and legal and ethics are addressed to find a solution for an efficient, reliable, safe, and sustainable shipping in the near future. It is suggested that holistic approaches for developing the technology and regulatory framework are to be implemented, and the communication and cooperation of multiple stakeholders based on mutual understanding are vital for a successful arrival of the MASS in the maritime industry.