Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its correlation with anthropometric and blood pressure variables among type-2 diabetic patients

Abstract

Co-morbidity of hypertension and dyslipidemia are found to be high in type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients particularly with poor glycemic control. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its correlations with anthropometric and blood pressure variables among type-2 DM patients. The study was conducted on 314 type-2 DM patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from February 28 to May 30, 2017. Socio-demographic and other data was collected using interview-directed structured questionnaire. In addition, serum biochemical parameters determined after overnight fasting and dyslipidemia was defined based on United State National Cholesterol Education program-III criteria. Statistical analysis such as Chi-square, student's t-test/ Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The result showed that two hundred eight six (91.1%) participants had a minimum of one lipid parameter abnormal, which is well suited for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia. The prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and TC (total cholesterol) were 60.8, 14.3, 70.4 and 32.8%, respectively. The mean values of TC, LDL-cholesterol and uric acid (UA) were significantly higher among patients with body max index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m 2 when compared to those with BMI <25 kg/m 2 (p<0.01 for all). In addition, TC and TG were significantly higher among patients with BP ≥130/85 mmHg when compared to those patients with BP <130/85 mmHg (p<0.001 for both parameters). Triglycerides was significantly correlated with BMI, UA and hypertension (r=0.326, 0.553 and 0.22), respectively. TC showed significant correlation with BMI, UA and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (r=0.326, 0.298 and 0.132), respectively. Moreover, LDL-cholesterol was significantly correlated with waist circumference, BMI and FBS (r=0.16, 0.189 and 0.173), respectively. In conclusion, dyslipidemia is significantly higher in diabetes patients and it correlated with BMI, WC, blood pressure and UA. Therefore, lipid profiles should be performed periodically through treatment follow-up and proper management of correlated factors is vital in order to limit risks of cardiovascular diseases.