Analysis and Optimization of the Noise Reduction Performance of Sound-Absorbing Materials in Complex Environments

Abstract

The acoustic performance of sound barrier absorption materials utilized in substations is subject to variations due to factors such as sandstorms, corrosion, and rainfall. In this study, a model of the absorbing material was developed based on the Delany–Bazley model using COMSOL simulation software, version 5.6. The influence of porosity and material thickness on the absorption coefficient was analyzed, and the patterns of change were summarized. The results indicated that porosity significantly affected the entire analysis frequency range, while material thickness had a more pronounced impact in the low-frequency range. Building upon these findings, a blended fiber absorption material was formulated through research efforts. Experimental results demonstrated that the aluminum fiber diameter measured 30 microns, while the aramid fiber diameter was 12 microns; additionally, their mass ratio was established at 3:1. The material thickness was determined to be 10 cm with a face density of 2500 g/m2, resulting in optimal absorption performance. Durability tests revealed that this material could sustain effective acoustic performance across various complex environments. Finally, simulations and analyses regarding noise reduction effects were conducted within actual application scenarios; it was found that the noise reduction capability of the blended fiber sound barrier absorption material exceeded that of glass wool by 4.78 dB.