Acceptability of an In-home Multimodal Sensor Platform for Parkinson Disease: Nonrandomized Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) symptoms are complex, gradually progressive, and fluctuate hour by hour. Home-based technological sensors are being investigated to measure symptoms and track disease progression. A smart home sensor platform, with cameras and wearable devices, could be a useful tool to use to get a fuller picture of what someone's symptoms are like. High-resolution video can capture the ground truth of symptoms and activities. There is a paucity of information about the acceptability of such sensors in PD. Objective: The primary objective of our study was to explore the acceptability of living with a multimodal sensor platform in a naturalistic setting in PD. Two subobjectives are to identify any suggested limitations and to explore the sensors' impact on participant behaviors. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with an inductive approach using semistructured interviews with a cohort of PD and control participants who lived freely for several days in a home-like environment while continuously being sensed. Results: This study of 24 participants (12 with PD) found that it is broadly acceptable to use multimodal sensors including wrist-worn wearables, cameras, and other ambient sensors passively in free-living in PD. The sensor that was found to be the least acceptable was the wearable device. Suggested limitations on the platform for home deployment included camera-free time and space. Behavior changes were noted by the study participants, which may have related to being passively sensed. Recording high-resolution video in the home setting for limited periods of time was felt to be acceptable to all participants. Conclusions: The results broaden the knowledge of what types of sensors are acceptable for use in research in PD and what potential limitations on these sensors should be considered in future work. The participants' reported behavior change in this study should inform future similar research design to take this factor into account. Collaborative research study design, involving people living with PD at every stage, is important to ensure that the technology is acceptable and that the data outcomes produced are ecologically valid and accurate.