Intravenous immunoglobulin application following immunoadsorption: Benefit or risk in patients with autoimmune diseases?

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate infection rates, side-effects and autoantibody resynthesis after immunoadsorption with and without intravenous immunoglobulin substitution. Methods. Thirty-five patients with autoimmune diseases who were on long-term immunoadsorption therapy participated in a prospective, randomized study. Results and conclusions. Infections were rare but similar in frequency in patients receiving combined immunoadsorption and intravenous immunoglobulins (intervention group, n = 17, 1.3 infections per patient-year) and in a control group (n = 18, 0.9 infections per patient-year) treated by immunoadsorption alone. The reduction in IgG achieved with two immunoadsorptions within 3 days was 95.0 ± 2.5%. The extent of removal of pathogenic autoantibodies was similar to the removal of IgG. Substitution of immunoglobulins was not associated with an increased circulating IgG level before the following immunoadsorption. Infusion of immunoglobulins at a dose of 0.14 g/kg (interquartile range 0.12-0.16) body weight in patients in whom circulating immunoglobulins had been depleted was associated with a high incidence of serious side-effects; these necessitated the termination of treatment in 24% of the patients. No evidence was found that immunoglobulin administration had any beneficial effect with respect to autoantibody resynthesis after immunoadsorption.