Regulation of the tyrosine kinase ltk by the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A

Abstract

Interleukin-2 tyrosine kinase (ltk) is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase of the Tec family that participates in the intracellular signaling events leading to T cell activation. Tec family members contain the conserved SH3, SH2, and catalytic domains common to many kinase families, but they are distinguished by unique sequences outside of this region. The mechanism by which ltk and related Tec kinases are regulated is not well understood. Our studies indicate that ltk catalytic activity is inhibited by the peptidyl prolyl isomerase activity of cyclophilin A (CypA). NMR structural studies combined with mutational analysis show that a proline-dependent conformational switch within the ltk SH2 domain regulates substrate recognition and mediates regulatory interactions with the active site of CypA. CypA and ltk form a stable complex in Jurkat T cells that is disrupted by treatment with cyclosporin A. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of ltk and a downstream substrate of ltk, PLCγ1, are increased in Jurkat T cells that have been treated with cyclosporin A. These findings support a novel mode of tyrosine kinase regulation for a Tec family member and provide a molecular basis for understanding a cellular function of the ubiquitous peptidyl prolyl isomerase, CypA.