Determinants of Nonadherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Adults in Bharatpur Metropolitan City, Nepal

Abstract

Background: Elevated blood pressure is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, this can be managed effectively with antihypertensive medications. However, nonadherence to prescribed medications and unhealthy lifestyle choices exacerbate cardiovascular complications and increase mortality. Aim & Objective: To identify the factors associated with nonadherence to antihypertensive medications among the adult population. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bharatpur, Chitwan, among 238 patients who had been taking antihypertensive medicine for at least three months. Data were collected using structured interviews, and BP was measured using standardized equipment. Study sites and participants were randomly selected. Descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyse the collected data. Results: 47.1% of participants had elevated BP despite taking antihypertensive medication, and 32.8% nonadherence. Nonadherence was significantly associated with sociodemographic and behavioral factors. In 95% CI, those who did not consume fruits (p < 0.001) or green vegetables (p = 0.014) were less likely to adhere, avoiding extra salt were more likely to adhere (p < 0.001) and those not engaging in vigorous physical activity had lower odds of adherence ( p = 0.007). Conclusion: Dietary habits and physical activity were key determinants of nonadherence.