Effects of the original zentangle method on older adults with depressive symptoms a randomized waitlist-controlled trial

Abstract

Objectives: Depressive symptoms are common among older adults and many of them did not seek for professional help. Although Zentangle has been widely implemented in service centers for older adults in many societies, very limited empirical study has been conducted on the effects of this method. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Zentangle on community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms. Methods: A randomised waitlist-controlled trial of Zentangle was conducted. Forty-six community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate depression were recruited and randomly assigned to a six session Zentangle group or a waitlist control group. The effects were examined by comparing the participants who received a six-week Zentangle intervention with those in the waitlist control group. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Self-compassion Scale – Short form (SCS-SF) and other mental health outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and six-week follow-up. Results: Repeated measure ANOVA revealed significant Time x Group effects for depression (F (2, 88) = 21.29, p