Pharmaceutical dosage form design of copoly (lactic/glycolic acid) microspheres. Mechanism of in vitro release of gentamicin

Abstract

The sustained release mechanism of gentamicin (GM) from lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) microspheres was investigated. The terminal free carboxyl group of polymer was proved to be necessary for GM to be highly incorporated into microspheres by comparing interactions with GM and two types of polymers; free (ionized and non ionized) and the terminal esterified carboxyl group of polymer. The weight-average molecular weights (Mw̄s) of component PLGAs of microspheres with an ionizable carboxyl group used here were approximately 4900 and 10000. The release pattern of GM was tested in phosphate buffered saline. The release rate of GM was dependent on the initial Mw̄ and surface form. The GM release continued for 20 and 30 d from PLGA 4900- and PLGA 1000-microspheres, respectively. The changes of total weight of microspheres tended to decrease with time, and the molecular weight distribution of PLGA gradually shifted to lower distribution, indicating a decrease in Mw̄. The changes and the shifts were dependent on the initial Mw̄s of PLGAs but independent of their surface form. The half-times of wight loss of PLGA 4900- and PLGA 10000-microspheres were about 10 and 20 d, respectively. From these results, the release profile of GM from PLGA microspheres was explained by the following three steps, i.e., 1) the release from the surface, 2) the relatively slow release caused by the obstruction of channels followed by the degradation of PLGA, 3) the release accompanied by the erosion of microspheres.