Impact of physical activity on children’s cognitive function and its educational applications: a narrative literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is widely recognized as an important factor in promoting children’s cognitive function (CF), yet existing research lacks systematic integration into physical education (PE) practice. Methods: A narrative systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, drawing on peer-reviewed studies from five electronic databases. Due to heterogeneity in interventions and outcomes, a narrative synthesis was applied. Results: The reviewed evidence indicates that PA positively influences executive functions, attention, memory, and academic performance in children. Cognitively engaging and moderate-to-vigorous activities show the most consistent benefits, although effects vary with exercise design and intensity. Discussion: Appropriately designed PA interventions in PE can effectively support children’s cognitive development. Integrating cognitively engaging activities into school curricula may enhance educational outcomes, while future research should refine implementation strategies.