Optimization of Acidity and Electrical Conductivity in Hydroponic Vegetable Production: A STEM Educational Perspective

Abstract

The research conducted at Kh.Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University has focused on the cultivation of vegetable crops using hydroponic systems, with an emphasis on the regulation of acidity (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) to foster optimal plant growth conditions. This investigation involved the utilization of a pH meter for acidity measurements and a total dissolved solids (TDS) meter for assessing electrical conductivity. A correlation was established between these critical parameters through the analysis of empirical data. It was found that the maintenance of mineral solution composition within hydroponic setups is imperative, requiring continuous monitoring of pH and EC to ensure nutrient availability to plants. The optimal pH range for most vegetable crops was identified as 6.0 to 7.0, with an EC range of 300 to 1300 µS/cm. Furthermore, it was observed that a positive correlation between pH and EC is conducive to the bioavailability of minerals in the solution. In instances of elevated pH and TDS, the addition of an acidic solution was recommended, while a decrease in these values necessitated the introduction of an alkaline solution to restore balance. The integration of STEM methodologies in hydroponic applications promotes a paradigm shift in education—from mere observation of plant growth in correlation with acidity and electrical conductivity towards an approach grounded in hypothesis-driven experimentation. This shift not only bridges the gap between discrete subject areas but also transitions from abstract knowledge acquisition to the resolution of tangible, real-world issues.