2350. Parainfluenza Virus Infection Factors: 18 Years’ Active Surveillance in a Pediatric Hospital

Abstract

Background. Paranfuenza virus (PIV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI), hospitalization and mortality in children. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical-epidemiologic pattern and infection factors associated with PIV. Methods. Prospective, cross-sectional study of patients admitted for ALRI 2000-2017, diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, infuenza or parainfuenza by fuorescent antibody (FA) or real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal aspirates. Results. From a total of 15,451 patients included, 13,033 were tested and 45%(5831) had positive samples; RSV was predominant (81.3%,4738) all through the study period, followed by IF: 7.6% (440), PIF 6.9% (402) and AV: 4.3%(251). PIV followed a seasonal epidemic pattern predominantly during spring months (September- October). The median age of cases was 8 months (IQR: 4-13 months); 54% of cases were males. The most frequent clinical presentation was bronchiolitis (61%); 53% had previous admissions for respiratory causes, 9% were readmissions. Comorbidity was found in 59.4%: recurrent respiratory disease (47.8%), congenital heart disease (5.7%), chronic neurological disease (6.5%); 8.5% were malnourished, 23% born preterm and 3.3% immunosuppressed; 23.5% had complications, 10.6% hospital-acquired infections. Lethality was 3.5% (14/396). The following were independent predictors for PIF infection: recurrent respiratory disease odds ratio (OR): 1.65 (95% CI: 1.32-2.08); P < 0.001; readmissions, OR 1.95 (95% CI: 1.34-2.83); P < 0.001; born preterm, OR: 1.58 (95% CI: 1.19-2.10); P = 0.001. Conclusion. Parainfuenza infection showed an epidemic seasonal pattern (September-October), with higher risk in children with recurrent respiratory disease, prematurity and previous admissions for respiratory causes.