Adipose-derived stem cells in cutaneous wound repair

Abstract

Growing interest in regenerative medicine and advances in adipose tissue research have led to the identification of mesenchymal stem cells in adipose tissue, so called adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). Due to the simple and safe harvest technique as well as high regenerative capacity, ASCs are regarded as a potential source for various indications including cutaneous wound repair. This review provides a short overview over mechanisms of ASC action in cutaneous wound repair and data regarding its clinical application. Mostly experimental data provide accruing evidence for the supportive effect of ASCs in cutaneous wound healing by secretion of soluble factors, differentiation into keratinocyte and fibroblasts, neovascularization and interaction with myofibroblasts. A number of in vivo experiments also support a positive effect of ASCs in different wound healing models. Furthermore, first clinical data evaluated the feasibility of ASCs in the treatment of different wound healing pathologies, e.g., chronic ulcers and burn wounds. Although the majority of currently available data indicate a beneficial role of ASCs in cutaneous wound repair, additional detailed experimental studies and larger, high-quality clinical trials are required to provide a reliable statement on the true value of ASCs in this context.