Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor for the Oncogenic Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2 with Anti-Breast Cancer Cell Effects

Abstract

The oncogenic property of the Src homology phosphotyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is well-known, but developing specific inhibitors has been very difficult. Based on our previous reports that showed the importance of acidic residues surrounding SHP2 substrate phosphotyrosines for specific recognition, we have rationally designed and chemically synthesized a small-molecule SHP2 inhibitor named 4,4′-(4′-carboxy)-4-nonyloxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,5-diyl)dibutanoic acid (CNBDA). Molecular modeling predicted that CNBDA packs well into the SHP2 active site and makes extended interactions primarily with positively charged and polar amino acids surrounding the active site. In vitro PTPase assays showed that CNBDA inhibits SHP2 with an IC50 of 5 μM. However, the IC50 of CNBDA toward SHP1, the close structural homologue of SHP2, was 125 μM, suggesting an approximately 25-fold effectiveness against SHP2 than SHP1. Because SHP2 is known for its positive role in breast cancer (BC) cell biology, we tested the effect of SHP2 inhibition with CNBDA in HER2-positive BC cells. Treatment with CNBDA suppressed cell proliferation in 2D culture, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and mammosphere (tumorisphere) formation in suspension cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, CNBDA inhibited EGF-induced signaling and expression of HER2 by inhibiting the PTPase activity of SHP2 in BC cells. These findings suggest that CNBDA is a promising anti-SHP2 lead compound with anti-BC cell effects.