Florfenicol - pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of oral formulations in domestic animals: A systematic review

Abstract

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a major economic problem for swine producers world-wide. Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of florfenicol oral formulations in domestic animals were evaluated. For this purpose the systematic review and meta-analysis were done. In vitro efficacy of florfenicol showed that this drug is highly effective against most important respiratory pathogens. All these facts are shown in our survey. Three studies in pigs were relevant to include in the meta-analysis, which showed that results in the florfenicol group were better than in comparative control groups in all observed parameters: clinical signs, lung lesions and resolution of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (P<0,001). A second meta-analysis with 7 studies showed that the usage of florfenicol reduces mortality in pig herds with PRDC (P<0.05). Other field trials in pigs using florfenicol oral forms where reviewed. After treatment with florfenicol oral solution there was a significant drop of mortality in both groups of pigs (P<0.01); eg. one using florfenicol oral solution in treating PRDC (n=85) and another mixed pneumoenteric infection (n=54). Analysis of data when using premix in pigs (n=118) also suggests that a medicated premix has a favorable anti-infectious effect on pigs, irrespective of the group of animals or the evolution stage of the disease. Finally, favorable effect of florfenicol in treating swine ileitis was also presented. Regarding their pharmacokinetics, in vitro and clinical efficacy of florfenicol oral forms, they should be considered as a powerful tool for combating complex infections that are frequently met in intensive animal production.Kompleks respiratornih oboljenja svinja PRDC je veliki ekonomski problem za proizvodjace svinja u celom svetu. Ispitivani su farmakodinamika, fannakokinetika i klinicka efikasnost oralnih formula florfenikola kod domacih zivotinja. Sacinjeni su sistematski prikaz i meta-analiza. In vitro efikasnost florfenikola je pokazala da je ovaj lek veoma efikasan protiv najvaznijih respiratornih patogena. Svi ovi podaci dati su u nasem prikazu. Tri ispitivanja na svinjama su bila relevantna za ukljucivanje u meta-analizu, koja je ukazala da su rezultati za florfenikol grupu bolji od onih za uporedne kontrolne grupe za sve posmatrane parametre: klinicki znaci, plucne lezije i reizolacija Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (P<0.001). Druga meta-analiza sa 7 istrazivanja ukazala je da upotreba florfenikola smanjuje smrtnost kod svinja sa PRDC (P<0.05). Prikazani su i drugi eksperimenti na svinjama na terenu koristeci florfenikol u formulama za oralnu upotrebu. Posle primene florfenikola oralnog rastvora nastao je znacajan pad smrtnosti kod svinja obe grupe (P<0.01); na primer, jedna koristi rastvor florfenikola za tretman PRDC (n=85), a druga zamesanu pneumoentericnu infekciju (n=54). Analiza podataka za upotrebu premiksa kod svinja (n = 118) takodje nagovestava da tretirani premiks ima pozitivan antiinfekcijski efekat kod svinja, bez obzira na grupu zivotinja ili stadijum evolucije bolesti. Konacno, prikazan je i povoljan efekat florfenikola na tretman ileitisa kod svinja. Sto se tice farmakokinetike, in vitro i klinicke efikasnosti florfenikol oralnih formula, treba da se smatraju snaznim orudjem za borbu protiv kompleksnih infekcija na koje se Cesto nailazi kod intenzivne proizvodnje zivotinja.