Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Activities of the Pre-Germinated Brown Rice Extract

Abstract

We evaluated the effects of pre-germinated brown rice extract (PGBR ex) with enhanced levels of GABA on prolifera- tion and apoptosis of neuronal SK-N-SH cells line. Firstly, we used HPLC methods to study the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in all rice extracts. We found that the concentration of GABA in the PGBR ex were 3 and 8 times higher than the GABA concentration in non-germinated brown rice (BR ex) and white rice (WR ex) compared with the stan- dard GABA respectively. Next we study the protective effects of brown rice extract by investigating various methods, we found that the effects of dose-dependent study by treated with PGBR ex, BR ex and WR ex at (0 - 4000 μg/ml). The data from MTT assay showed that the higher concentration of all rice extracts were not induced toxicity to SK-N-SH cells. To test the protective effect by study the viability of SK-N-SH cells. These results showed that PGBR ex and BR ex can protect cells by significantly increase cells survival up to 29.3% ± 0.01% and 13.4% ± 0.07% (p < 0.05) but not WR ex comparable with 150 M H2O2 alone which caused cells death > 56.9% ± 0.02 % (p < 0.05), compared with un- treated cells (control). Next study we test the effect of cells apoptotic by ROS assay and DNA fragmentation. The re- sults showed that PGBR ex were definitely decrease the amount of ROS formation and had a little of DNA ladders comparable with condition that induced by 150 M H2O2. Our data indicating that PGBR ex with enhanced levels of GABA effectively inhibit SK-N-SH cells proliferation and apoptosis. These present results suggest that intake of PGBR and BR instead of WR is effective to protect cell proliferation and apoptosis which may be useful nutritional to prevent neuronal cells from neurodegenerative disease.