Filtration and retention characteristics of smoke components in filters

Abstract

The filtration and retention characteristics of nicotine, phenol, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1 (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia in conventional cellulose acetate fiber filters were investigated. By quantitatively analyzing their contents released in mainstream smoke and retained in filters, their filtration efficiencies, taken as the ratio of filter retention content to total yield, were determined under both International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Health Canadian Intense (HCI) smoking regimes. Using a precision laser cutter, the filters were either cut transversely into 5-7 segments for longitudinal distribution pattern study, or cut transversely into 3 segments firstly and then each segment was cut concentrically into 3 concentric segments for spatial distribution pattern study. Contents of the named smoke components retained in these filter segments were quantitatively analyzed. The data were calibrated and then processed with interpolation analysis and polynomial fitting. The longitudinal distribution patterns for all components mentioned above, as well as spatial distribution patterns for nicotine, phenol, HCN, ammonia and crotonaldehyde, were obtained. The filtration efficiencies of different smoke components varied between 24% and 15% for HCN, 87% and 92% for phenol under ISO and HCI smoking regimes respectively. The filtration efficiencies of all the studied components under HCI smoking were lower than under ISO smoking to different extents except phenol which showed the opposite trend. Different mainstream smoke components have their own retention behavior and distribution characteristics which are determined by the physical and chemical properties of the component and its interaction with cellulose acetate fiber and the glycerol triacetate within the filter. The diversity of retention distribution patterns of different components shows the high complexity of igarette smoke filtration in filters.