Improving Integrated Care Pathways between Medical and Dental Specialities in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Literature Over the Last 5 Years

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review synthesises the recent evidence regarding integrated care pathways between primary care medical and dental services in managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It aims to assess existing models, explore their recommendations and identify barriers and facilitators to integration. By examining existing models of collaboration, referral systems, and multidisciplinary interventions, this review will assess the effectiveness of integrated approaches in improving patient outcomes and enhancing early diagnosis. Recent findings: Eighteen studies were included, encompassing a wide range of healthcare locations. The findings highlighted a consistent lack of interprofessional knowledge, limited referral systems and lack of support in commissioning frameworks. Whilst several interventions demonstrated favourable outcomes, most lacked systemic support or long-term sustainability. Summary: Several interventions to integrate oral and medical care for patients with diabetes demonstrate significant clinical and public health benefits of enhanced integration of care. However, there is limited uptake of implementation due to operational and policy-related challenges. To support sustainable and reliable integration, infrastructure and commissioning changes are required. Existing guidance and commissioning standards should be implemented with appropriate funding. Future efforts should prioritise implementation of integrated medical and dental care pathways for patients with diabetes. Barriers to implementation should be addressed urgently.