Skin Cancer: The Ozone Layer and UV Radiation

Abstract

The ozone layer is a thin, invisible layer that protects life on earth. It is made up of several ozone molecules that are recreated and destroyed by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Ultraviolet radiation, commonly known as UV radiation, is not visible to the human eye and exhibits wavelengths from 10 to 400 nm. UV radiation has three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. The ozone layer completely absorbs UVC, mostly absorbs UVB, and slightly absorbs UVA. UVB and UVA radiation are the primary non-genetic factors for skin cancer and disease. UV radiation causes DNA damage, resulting in uncontrolled cellular growth of cancerous cells and mutations. Types of skin cancer are divided into melanoma and nonmelanoma. Both are commonly marked by abnormal formations on the skin. This research paper uses statistics and data on the ozone layer, UVR, and skin cancer to highlight the correlation between these three factors. The ozone layer directly affects the penetration of UVR into the atmosphere; UVR directly affects the generation of skin cancer. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the relationship between the ozone layer and UVR exposure is vital to preventing skin cancer.