Balancing Energy Consumption and Detection Accuracy in Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis: A Spiking Neural Network-Based Approach with ECG and PCG Signals

Abstract

Electrocardiogram (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) signals are widely used in the early prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to their ability to accurately reflect cardiac conditions from different physiological perspectives and their ease of acquisition. Currently, some studies have explored the joint use of ECG and PCG signals for disease screening, but few studies have considered the trade-off between classification performance and energy consumption in model design. In this study, we propose a multimodal CVDs detection framework based on Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), which integrates ECG and PCG signals. A differential fusion strategy at the signal level is employed to generate a fused EPCG signal, from which time–frequency features are extracted using the Adaptive Superlets Transform (ASLT). Two separate Spiking Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN) models are then trained on the ECG and EPCG signals, respectively. A confidence-based dynamic decision-level (CDD) fusion strategy is subsequently employed to perform the final classification. The proposed method is validated on the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2016 dataset, achieving an accuracy of 89.74%, an AUC of 89.08%, and an energy consumption of 209.6 (Formula presented.) J. This method not only achieves better balancing performance compared to unimodal signals but also realizes an effective balance between model energy consumption and classification effect, which provides an effective idea for the development of low-power, multimodal medical diagnostic systems.