Analysis of the sustainability status of community-based drinking water supply in Kapongan District, East Java

Abstract

Ensuring the availability and sustainability of clean water is a key focus of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and has emerged as a significant concern for both central and local governments in Indonesia. In the Kapongan District of Situbondo Regency, the government's PAMSIMAS Programme is a proactive initiative designed to secure safe access to drinking water for the community. Within this district, two villages, Landangan and Pokaan, have successfully implemented community-based drinking water provision. The ongoing sustainability of these water supply systems in these villages is pivotal for meeting the continuous drinking water needs of the community, necessitating a comprehensive investigation into its sustainability. The primary objective of this study is to assess the sustainability status of community-based drinking water provision within the ongoing PAMSIMAS program in Kapongan District. The dimensions under consideration encompass environmental, social, economic, technological, and institutional aspects. Employing a quantitative approach, the research utilizes the Rap-SPAM analysis method, a modification of Rapfish, with primary data collected through surveys, observations, and interviews. Additionally, secondary data is acquired through an extensive literature review and consultation with various related agencies. The assessment results reveal a sustainability index of 58.92, classifying it as reasonably sustainable. The Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) model produced Stress values ranging from 0.15 to 0.18 and R2 values between 0.93 to 0.94. The variance between the MDS index and Monte Carlo analysis is less than 5%. In conclusion, this study finds that the community-based water supply facilitated by the PAMSIMAS program in Kapongan District demonstrates a reasonably sustainable status. To enhance its sustainability, there is a need to prioritize and improve dimensions with lower sustainability index values in a holistic manner.