High Expression of CKS2 Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Glioma

Abstract

Cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2) is a potential prognostic marker and is overexpressed in various cancers. This study analyzed sequencing and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus, with external validation using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) data. CKS2 expression in the normal brain and tumor tissue was compared. cBioPortal and MethSurv were utilized to scrutinize the prognostic value of CKS2 methylation. Gene set enrichment examination and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis were employed to explore the potential biological functions of CKS2. Cell viability, colony formation, and transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the influence of CKS2 on glioma cell proliferation and invasion. Compared with normal brain tissue, the expression of CKS2 was upregulated in glioma samples (p < 0.001). Multivariate data analysis from TCGA and CGGA indicated that increased expression of CKS2 was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of overall survival in glioma patients. CKS2 methylation was negatively associated with CKS2 expression. Patients with CKS2 hypomethylation had worse overall survival compared with patients with CKS2 methylation, as suggested by the analysis of both TCGA and CGGA datasets. The expression level of CKS2 is closely related to tumor immunity, including the correlation of tumor immune cell infiltration, immune score, and co-expression of multiple immune-related genes. In addition, CKS2 is associated with several immune checkpoints and responses to the chemotherapy drug cisplatin. CKS2 knockdown impeded the expansion and aggression of glioma cell lines. The changes in CKS2 expression may provide a novel prognostic biomarker that can be used to improve patient overall survival rates.