Assessment of myocardial blood flow, viability and diffuse fibrosis in patients after arterial switch and ross operation with magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery reimplantation is crucial step during the arterial switch (ASO) and Ross operation. Mortality and long-term outcome after the operation mainly depend on the patency and function of the reimplanted coronary arteries. Purpose: We utilized advanced CMR methods to perform a noninvasive assessment of myocardial blood flow, viability, function and diffuse fibrosis in patients after ASO and Ross operation to guide further therapy and for a better understanding of the microcirculation. Methods: MRI first-pass perfusion imaging (0.03 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA; TR/TE/α = 2.6/1.1/20°) was performed in 36 patients (age, 15.75±10.94 yrs; transposition of the great arteries post arterial switch operation n=25, post Ross operation for the treatment of aortic valve disease n=11) and in 10 age matched healthy controls. Myocardial blood flow (ml/g/min) was calculated in 6 LV segments per slice (2-3 slices/pt). Quantitative blood flow at rest and stress (Adenosin 140 μg/kg/min) was derived from signal intensity curves by model independent deconvolution. Late enhancement studies (Gd 0.1 mmol/kg) using T1 weighted inversion recovery sequences were performed to detect myocardial scar. A Look-Locker technique (temporal resolution, 40 ms; slice thickness, 8 mm; repetition time, 3 R-R intervals) for measurements of T1 was used for detecting of LV diffuse fibrosis. Furthermore, cine MRI and 3 D coronary artery imaging were performed. Results: Of the entire cohort 15 pts (41.7%) had known or suspected coronary problems such as occlusion, stenosis or hypoplasia. In 7/15 pts (46.7%) we found regional ischemia, scar tissue (28.6%) and regional or global impairment of LV function (30%). As a consequence of our findings one patient received MIDCAB surgery and 4 patients (26.7%) were treated medically. In pts with patent epicardial coronaries (58.3%) myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) was significantly reduced as compared to the healthy controls (2.79±0.75 vs. 3.75±1.13; p<0.05) and only in one patient scar tissue was detected. No regional or global wall motion abnormalities were detected. Furthermore, T1 mapping showed increased extracellular matrix expansion suggestive of diffuse fibro-sis (0.37±0.09 vs. 0.26±0.01; p<0.02). Conclusions: CMR imaging can provide a comprehensive assessment of my-ocardial perfusion, viability and function in patients after coronary reimplantation to guide further therapy such as surgical revascularisation. Of note, in patients with patent epicardial coronaries, we measured an impaired myocardial perfusion reserve and increased interstitial fibrosis.