Afectaciones ambientales y dinámicas socioeconómicas en el contexto de la Ciénaga Grande del Bajo Sinú: municipio de Momil, Córdoba, Colombia

Abstract

Introduction: The wetland complex of the Bajo Sinú represents a geographical and ecological entity located in the middle and lower basin of the Sinú River valley. It is renowned for its natural wealth, ecological functions, and its role as a support for the productive activities of the local population. However, like many wetlands today, it faces serious problems of degradation and environmental deterioration. Objective: To determine the environmental impacts present in the area of influence of the Ciénaga Grande del Bajo Sinú in the municipality of Momil and their effects on the socioeconomic conditions of the population. Methodology: To analyze the environmental impacts in the wetland's area of influence, variables such as erosion and salinization were considered using secondary data from the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology, and Environmental Studies (IDEAM). Changes in soil vegetation cover were assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 satellite images across three periods. For socioeconomic data collection and understanding the population's perception, a semi-structured survey was administered to a sample of 217 people, selected through simple random sampling. Results: It was found that environmental impacts such as erosion, salinization, changes in vegetation cover, and water body contamination significantly reduce the productive potential of the territory, negatively affecting the population's socioeconomic conditions. Artisanal fishermen face these challenges directly, seeing their livelihoods and community sustainability compromised. Conclusion: Environmental impacts in the Ciénaga Grande del Bajo Sinú are altering local ways of life, discouraging fishing, and promoting activities unrelated to food production, which jeopardizes food security. It is urgent that authorities implement effective measures and contingency plans for the population.