Generation of Geochemical Exploration Targets from Regional Stream Sediment Data Using Principal Component and Factor Ana

Abstract

A regional-scale stream sediment geochemical sampling was carried out with an averagesampling density of one sample per nine square-kilometre in Kiteto District, Manyara Region.A total of 358 stream sediment samples were collected and analysed for major and traceelements by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and fire assay with atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) finish methods. In this study, Factor and Principal Component Multivariate (FPCM)analyses have been used to the stream geochemical data to delineate potential mineralizationzones by plotting correlated factors as geochemical anomaly maps. Four factors that accountfor 73.7% of the total variance of the stream sediment geochemical data were established.Factor 1: Ni–Ba–Co–Cu–Sr which possibly defines the underlying metamorphosed graniticunits with some contribution from mafic and ultramafic rocks. Factor 2: Cr–Zn–Mn whichdefines crustal forming elements reflecting the mafic rocks. Factor 3 which entails Rb and Pbprobably attributed to metamorphosed granitic lithology. Factor 4 is arsenic, a chalcophileelement with affinity to sulfide phases. The FPCM analyses have been successfully indelineating potential target areas for gold, nickel and copper exploration in the study area. Keywords: Stream sediment; principal component; factor analysis; exploration targets;Kibaya-Kiteto, Manyara.