Minimization of atmosphere pollution by utilizing cellulose waste

Abstract

The greenhouse effect is our planet's ability to pass the Sun's incoming radiation and to reflect the re-radiated long wavelengths from the Earth's surface, so increasing our planet's surface and atmosphere lower-layer temperature. As a result, the melting of glaciers and snow cover intensifies, and the water level of seas and oceans increases, flooding islands and coast lines. Increase in temperature intensifies water evaporation, increases the possibility of downpour and cyclone formation in seaside regions, while on continents - droughts, heat-waves and forest fires. So lowering of the greenhouse effect is one of the main global problems today. The main greenhouse effect "agents" are carbon dioxide CO2 (53 %), freon, ozone, methane CH4 and other substances. CO2 is formed during breathing of live organisms, activity of microbes in the soil, also during the combustion of various organic substances. CH4 and CO 2 are formed when cellulosic matter - wood, peat moss, agricultural production waste, vegetation decay at treatment places, by tillage also in landfills processes take place. From all the mentioned processes mankind controls only the cellulose mater combustion and decay processes which it should decrease as much as possible to weaken the green-house effect. However, at present it is unrealistic to lower the amount of CO2 formed by burning fossil fuel in industrial enterprises and heating systems. Cellulose-containing waste can be reprocessed without emitting CO2 or CH4 by manufacturing building materials, thermal as well as acoustic insulating composites. Wooden waste has been used for these purposes for a long time. At present it is recommended to use other cellulose raw materials - straw, reeds, boon, peat moss and other materials. The utilization of straws given composites, containing straws, Portland cement (in some cases - construction gypsum and sand and polymeric additives - vinyl acetate (e g polyvinyl acetate PVA) or cellulosic materials (e g carboxymethylcel-lulose CMC) dispersions. The utilization of reeds gives composites containing reeds, Portland cement and PVA or CMC. The utilization of boon or chaff gives composites containing boons or chaffs, anhydrite or aliuminate cements and PVA or CMC. Optimal composition composites distinguish themselves by good physico-mechanical as well as thermal and acoustic properties and can find applications as building materials as well as thermal and acoustic insulating materials.