Development of a multiphasic, cryptic screening protocol for body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic dermatology

Abstract

Background: The incidence of body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic dermatology is high. Even though treating patients with this disorder may worsen symptoms and is fraught with potential complications, screening is low, due in part to lack of knowledge of the disorder, as well as inadequate screening tools. Objectives: To verify the probability of body dysmorphic disorder in a nonsurgical esthetic setting and determine the effect of a multiphasic screening protocol on mitigating poor outcomes in high-risk patients. Methods: A multiphasic screening protocol for body dysmorphic disorder was distributed to a total of eight esthetic clinics in the United States. Practitioners administered an anonymous, cryptic prescreening form to all new, incoming patients aged ≥ 18 to ≤ 65 years from June 1, 2019, through September 1, 2019, followed by a second, more extensive screening questionnaire. Patients with suspected or subclinical body dysmorphic disorder could be refused treatment. Results: A total of 734 initial screenings were recorded over 16 weeks. Of these, 4.2% (31/734) proceeded to the secondary screening phase; 29% (9/31) subsequently screened positive for body dysmorphic disorder. Practitioners refused to treat 77.8% (7/9) of positive screenings. Two patients out of seven who tested positive underwent a third screening and were subsequently treated with positive outcomes. Conclusions: Use of a cryptic screening protocol enables identification of individuals at risk for BDD and encourages open and continuous communication between patient and provider.