Fabrication and characterization of titanium dioxide-cellulose composite and its urea biosensing behavior

Abstract

In this paper, the fabrication of a titanium dioxide (TiO 2)-cellulose composite and its urea biosensing behavior are reported. TiO 2 nanoparticles were blended with the cellulose solution prepared by dissolving cotton pulp with a lithium chloride/N,Ndimethylacetamide solvent, and a TiO 2 -cellulose composite was fabricated. The enzyme urease was immobilized into the composite by using a physical adsorption method. The developed urea biosensor is highly sensitive at urea concentrations lower than 10 mM, whereas it maintains a linear response up to a urea concentration of 50 mM. The TiO 2 -cellulose composite is a potential candidate urea biosensor, which is inexpensive, flexible, and disposable.