Analysis of NDNF and SLC1A2 gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with autism

Abstract

Introduction: This study investigated the expression of NDNF and SLC1A2 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a region linked to executive functions, emotional regulation, social skills, and sensory processing. Methods: Using data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas – Autism Study, 17 post-mortem cases (ASD: 9; controls: 8; ages 2–14) were analyzed with in situ hybridization and Nissl staining. Histological images were processed with FIJI-ImageJ and Ilastik software. Results: No significant differences in NDNF expression were observed, though a trend toward lower levels in ASD was noted. In contrast, SLC1A2 expression was significantly increased in ASD and showed age-related growth, possibly reflecting neuroinflammatory processes. Nissl staining indicated similar neuronal density between groups, suggesting that gene expression changes may reflect functional alterations rather than cell number. Conclusion: These results highlight complex neurogenesis alterations in ASD and underscore the need for further research to identify biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.