Is the pedestrian city relevant to the sustainable city? Mobility, urbanization and health

Abstract

For the past one hundred years American style automobile oriented urban development has swept the world. Estonia has adopted free market capitalism and is on the verge of adopting American style automobile dominated development patterns. The tradition of Nordic style planning has ameliorated the American style automobile domination. Small town Pennsylvania, USA as exemplified by the college town of State College, PA is still firmly in the grip of the traffic oriented transportation planner. The big city innovations of pedestrian priority areas and new urbanism have not penetrated to the American hinterlands.