Sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) therapy is governed by a complex interplay of tumor and host-related determinants. Epidemiological studies have highlighted that exposure to antibiotic therapy influences the probability of response to ICPI and predict for shorter patient survival across malignancies. Whilst a number of studies have reproducibly documented the detrimental effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the immune-biologic mechanisms underlying the association with outcome are poorly understood. Perturbation of the gut microbiota, an increasingly well-characterized factor capable of influencing ICPI-mediated immune reconstitution, has been indicated as a putative mechanism to explain the adverse effects attributed to antibiotic exposure in the context of ICPI therapy. Prospective studies are required to validate antibiotic-mediated gut perturbations as a mechanism of ICPI refractoriness and guide the development of strategies to overcome this barrier to an effective delivery of anti-cancer immunotherapy.
CITATION STYLE
Pinato, D. J., Gramenitskaya, D., Altmann, D. M., Boyton, R. J., Mullish, B. H., Marchesi, J. R., & Bower, M. (2019, November 6). Antibiotic therapy and outcome from immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40425-019-0775-x
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