Strategische Planung des Recyclings von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien aus Elektrofahrzeugen in Deutschland

Abstract

Describes the mechanism of centralized economic control in the USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland between 1948 and 1980. From 1948 to 1960 there was highly centralized general control. In the 1960's more indirect methods of control were adopted, which gave way to highly centralized control over prices, capital investment, and productivity quotas until 1970. From 1970 until 1977 there was greater economic independence. Since 1977 the central planning authorities have set national economic plans and left local authorities, with their greater knowledge of local conditions, to implement them.