Comparative Analysis of the Short Term Effect of Foam Rolling, Myofascial Release and Dynamic Stretching On Hamstring Flexibility in College Students.

Abstract

Background: Hamstring tightness is common among college students and may contribute to altered posture, reduced mobility, and an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Various physiotherapy techniques such as myofascial release (MFR), foam rolling, and dynamic stretching are widely used to improve muscle flexibility; however, their comparative short-term effectiveness remains uncertain. Objective: To compare the short-term effects of myofascial release, foam rolling, and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in college students. Methodology: A comparative experimental study was conducted among 60 students aged 18–25 years with clinically diagnosed hamstring tightness. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups: Group A (MFR + dynamic stretching), Group B (foam rolling + dynamic stretching), and Group C (dynamic stretching alone). Interventions were given for five consecutive sessions. Ham-string flexibility was assessed using the Active Knee Extension (AKE) Test and Sit and Reach Test before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, ANOVA, and non-parametric tests. Results: All three groups demonstrated significant within-group improvements in hamstring flexibility (p < 0.05). Between-group analysis revealed a significant difference (p = 0.0339), with Group B (foam rolling + dynamic stretching) showing the greatest improvement, followed by Group A, and the least in Group C. Conclusion: All three interventions were effective in improving hamstring flexibility in the short term; however, combining foam rolling with dynamic stretching yielded the most significant improvement. Integrating foam rolling into pre-exercise or rehabilitation routines may enhance flexibility outcomes in young adults.