The Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding on Handgrip Strength, Vigilance, and Perceived Anxiety and Depression in Older Adults: A Comparative Study Between Active and Sedentary Populations

Abstract

Background and Aims: Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF), a form of time-restricted feeding, influences various physiological and psychological functions. However, its effects on older adults remain insufficiently understood. This study examined the impact of RIF on physical and mental health parameters, comparing active and sedentary older individuals. Specifically, we assessed handgrip strength (HGS), vigilance performance, anxiety, and depression levels to determine whether regular physical activity mitigates potential adverse effects of RIF. Methods: Fifty-eight older adults (mean age 62.93 ± 3.99 years; 50% female) participated in this study. They were classified into an active group (n = 26) and sedentary group (n = 32) based on self-reported physical activity levels. Assessments were conducted before and during RIF and included HGS measurement using a handheld dynamometer, a digital psychomotor vigilance test, and validated questionnaires (General Anxiety Disorder-7, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly). Results: During RIF, both groups showed significant improvements in vigilance, anxiety, and depression scores, with more pronounced benefits in the active group. However, sedentary participants experienced a decline in HGS, whereas active individuals maintained stable muscle strength. Conclusion: Regular physical activity during RIF appears to enhance vigilance and mental health while preventing muscle strength decline in older adults. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining an active lifestyle during RIF to support both physical and mental health in aging populations.