Opportunities and challenges using short-pulse x-ray sources

Abstract

Free-electron lasers will change the way we carry out time-resolved x-ray experiments. At present date, we use laser-produced plasma sources or synchrotron radiation. Laser-produced plasma sources have short pulses, but unfortunately large pulse-to-pulse fluctuations and large divergence. Synchrotron radiation from third generation source provide collimated and stable beams, but unfortunately long pulses. This means that either the timeresolution is limited to 100 ps or rather complex set-ups involving slicing or streak cameras are needed. Hard x-ray free-electron lasers will combine the best properties of present-day sources and increase the number of photons by many orders of magnitude. Already today, a precursor to the free-electron lasers has been built at Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre (SLAC). The Sub-Picosecond Photon Source (SPPS) has already shown the opportunities and challenges of using short-pulse x-ray sources. © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.