The Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Albuminuria in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Attending a Single Centre

Abstract

Background: CKD is an important complication of diabetes and a determinant of mortality. Albuminuria represents an early phase in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and also indicates generalised vascular dysfunction. Understanding the epidemiology of CKD and albuminuria helps to inform health planning and identify opportunities to prevent or delay progression of diabetic kidney disease. Aim(s): To identify the point prevalence of CKD and albuminuria in people with diabetes attending a single tertiary care centre. Method(s): 'DIAMOND' database was used to identify subjects with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes with available latest serum creatinine. These subjects were further explored for the availability of urinary albumin excretion recorded in terms of ACR (albumin: creatinine ratio). Age and gender were collected in the basic search. eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) was calculated by applying modified MDRD equation and depending on eGFR values, subjects were divided into different eGFR categories. Albuminuria was determined by positive ACR values [>2.5mg/mmol (male), >3.5mg/mmol (female)]. CKD was defined by standard Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. Result(s): Out of 7,394 subjects with Type 2 diabetes, 3,139 (43%) and 1,866 (25%) had CKD and albuminuria respectively. Similarly out of 1,166 subjects with Type 1 diabetes, 209 (18%) and 164 (14%) were identified with CKD and albuminuria respectively. Conclusion(s): CKD is common in both cohorts with higher prevalence of albuminuria in subjects with Type 1 diabetes.