Contemporary views on shyness – A literature review

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this paper is to present the phenomenon of shyness, its etiology and the underlying mechanisms in the development of anxiety disorders. Background: Shyness is a social problem affecting many people worldwide. Increasing use of social media, replacing real, direct social interactions does not foster proper development of social skills. Difficulties in establishing or maintaining relationships with other people lead to or exacerbate social anxiety, associated with both shyness and social phobia. Results: Many years of global research reveal that shyness is affected by both biological (including temperamental), as well as environmental factors. Currently, shyness is considered a relatively stable personality trait, and should therefore be distinguished from social anxiety (i.e. a state) or social phobia (i.e. a disorder). Discussion: There are qualitative and quantitative differences between shyness and anxiety disorders. Conclusion: Psychotherapy is a good treatment option for shyness. The most popular and effective methods of therapy include: behavioral therapy, cognitive – behavioral therapy, role play therapy and social skills training.