The Effect of a Product Placement Intervention on Pupil’s Food and Drink Purchases in Two Secondary Schools: An Exploratory Study

Abstract

Limited research exists on the effectiveness of product placement in secondary schools. We explored the impact of re-positioning sweet-baked goods, fruit, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and water on pupil’s lunchtime purchases in two secondary schools in North-East England. We employed a stepped-wedge design with two clusters and four time periods. The intervention(s) involved re-positioning selected food and drinks to increase and decrease accessibility of ‘healthier’ and ‘less healthy’ items, respectively. Unidentifiable smartcard data measured the change in number of pupil’s purchasing the above items. McNemar tests were undertaken on paired nominal data in Stata(v15). In School A, pupils purchasing fruit pots from control to intervention increased (n = 0 cf. n = 81; OR 0, 95% CI 0 to 0.04); post-intervention, this was not maintained. In School B, from control to intervention pupil’s purchasing sweet-baked goods decreased (n = 183 cf. n = 147; OR 1.2, 95% CI 1 to 1.6). This continued post-intervention (n = 161 cf. n = 122; OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.7) and was similar for SSBs (n = 180 cf. n = 79; OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.0). We found no evidence of other changes. There is some evidence that product placement may positively affect pupil’s food and drink purchases. However, there are additional aspects to consider, such as, product availability, engaging canteen staff and the individual school context.