Fluid Therapy

Abstract

Compared to dogs, cats are more susceptible to fluid overload resulting in respiratory distress. The goal of fluid therapy is to expand intravascular volume, restore circulatory function, and ultimately deliver oxygen to tissues. Although in most situations the importance of fluid therapy is quite clear, there are different opinions regarding the type of fluid, volume of fluid, and rate of fluid to be administered. Isotonic crystalloid, electrolyte solutions are considered the mainstay of fluid therapy in veterinary medicine. When compared to crystalloids, colloids contain larger molecular weight substances, remain in the intravascular space longer, increase oncotic pressure, and increase vascular volume by retaining fluid within the vascular space. Hypertonic solutions provide rapid volume expansion with lesser volume administration. Treatment for dehydration involves administration of crystalloid fluids to both correct the fluid deficit as well as replace ongoing loss. Potassium is vital in the function of tissues such as muscles and nerves.