Interspecies scaling of antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) for the prediction of human clearance

Abstract

Allometric scaling is a useful tool for the extrapolation of pharmacokinetic parameters from animals to humans. The objective of this study was to predict human clearance of antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) allometrically from one to three animal species and compare the predicted human clearance with the observed human clearance. For three animal species allometric scaling, the “Rule of Exponents” (ROE) was used. The results of the study indicated that three-species allometric scaling in association with the ROE provides acceptable prediction (within 0.5–2-fold prediction error) of human clearance. The two-species allometric scaling resulted in substantial prediction error. One-species scaling using a fixed exponent of 1.0 provided acceptable prediction error (within 0.5–2-fold) by monkey, rat, and mouse, in which monkey and rat were comparable. Overall, the predicted human clearance values of ADCs from animal(s) was good. The allometric method proposed in this article can be used to predict human clearance from the animal data and subsequently to select the first-in-human dose of ADCs.