Development of an electrochemical sensor for the determination of the total antioxidant capacity in berries based on boron doped diamond

Abstract

Many antioxidants can be electrochemically oxidized using graphite-based electrodes; nevertheless problems arise due to the strong adsorption of redox species at the sensing area. We have demonstrated that boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes do not show this property, which can be exploited for the design of a new amperometric sensor for the quantification of antioxidants as “total antioxidant capacity” (AOC). As reference substances hydroquinone (HQ) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were studied in more detail. The supporting electrolyte was a phosphate buffer solution (PBS, 0.1 mol/L, pH 7.0). The limits of detection (LOD) were 1.5 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L for HQ and Trolox, respectively. The repeatability was 3 % RSD for concentration of 200 mg/L HQ. The method could be applied for the determination of AOC in different berry samples, such as strawberry, blueberry, grape and bramble. A comparison with a standard photometric assay showed good correlation between both methods. The BDD sensor features good reproducibility without fatiguing over at least two months of operation.