In vitro sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides to carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole and prochloraz

Abstract

Growth of 13 F. graminearum isolates, 6 F. avenaceum isolates and 6 F. verticillioides isolates was analysed on potato-dextrose agar amended with 0.1, 0.33, 1, 3.3 and 10 mg l-1 of carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole, and prochloraz. Average concentration which reduced mycelial growth by 50% comparing it to control (EC50) was calculated for each isolate. Among fungicides tested, prochloraz was shown to be the most effective in growth inhibition of all three species, while flutirafol was proven to be the least effective. Metocnazole was more efficient in comparison with carbendazim and tebuconazole. EC50 values of all isolates on prochloraz were lower than 0.1 mg l-1, while on flutirafol they ranged between 1.66 and 8.51 mg l-1 for 18 isolates, or were higher than 10 mg l-1 for 7 isolates. EC50 values on carbendazim were 0.39-1.41 mg l-1 for F. graminearum isolates, 0.91-1.35 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum, and 0.47-0.6 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides. EC50 values on tebuconazole were 0.85- 2.57 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, 0.85-1.58 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum and 0.22-0.85 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides, while on metconazole EC50 values ranged between less than 0.1 mg l-1 to 1.66, 0.56, and 0.17 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides, respectively. Average growth inhibitions of different Fusarium species and all Fusarium isolates together on different concentrations of fungicides tested were significantly different. Significant differences in growth were not determined among isolates of the same species on neither one of fungicides tested, indicating that no decreased sensitivity to the fungicides exists among isolates included in the study.U istrazivanju je ispitan rast 13 izolata Fusarium graminearum, 6 izolata F. avenaceum i 6 izolata F. verticillioides na krompir-dekstroznoj podlozi s dodatkom 0,1, 0,33, 1, 3,3 i 10 mg/l karbendazima, tebukonazola, flutriafola, metkonazola i prohloraza. Za svaki izolat izracunata je srednja efektivna koncentracija (EC50), pri kojoj je prosecni rast izolata bio inhibiran za 50% u odnosu na kontrolu. Prohloraz je bio najucinkovitiji u inhibiciji rasta sve tri vrste, dok je flutirafol pokazao najmanju ucinkovitost. Metkonazol je pokazao visu ucinkovitost u poredjenju s karbendazimom i tebukonazolom. EC50 vrednosti svih izolata na prohlorazu bile su manje od 0,1 mg/l, dok su na flutriafolu varirale izmedju 1,66 i 8,51 mg/l za 18 izolata, ili bile vece od 10 mg/l za sedam izolata. EC50 vrednosti na karbendazimu bile su 0,39-1,41 mg/l za izolate F. graminearum, 0,91-1,35 mg/l za F. avenaceum, te 0,47-0,6 mg/l za F. verticillioides. Na tebukonazolu EC50 vrednosti bile su 0,85-2,57 mg/l za F. graminearum, 0,85-1,58 mg/l za F. avenaceum i 0,22-0,85 mg/l za F. verticillioides, dok su na metokonazolu utvrdjene EC50 vrednosti izmedju manjih od 0,1 do 1,66, 0,56 i 0,17 mg/l za F. graminearum, F. avenaceum i F. verticillioides. Prosecne inhibicije rasta razlicitih Fusarium vrsta i svih Fusarium izolata ukupno na razlicitim koncentracijama razlicitih fungicida znacajno su se razlikovale. Nisu utvrdjene znacajne razlike u rastu izmedju izolata unutar pojedinih Fusarium vrsta na niti jednom od ispitanih fungicida, sto pokazuje da ne postoji smanjena osetljivost na fungicide kod izolata ukljucenih u istrazivanje.