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Unequal exchange is not primarily about monetary value

Nature Communications
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59881-1
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Abstract

Ecologically Unequal Exchange (EUE) theory reframes trade as asymmetric transfers of biophysical resources from South to North, rejecting monetary value metrics. It challenges both mainstream and Marxian economics by emphasizing material flows over money-based interpretations of global inequality.

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APA

Hornborg, A. (2025, December 1). Unequal exchange is not primarily about monetary value. Nature Communications . Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59881-1

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